Category: Funk

  • Kool & the Gang: Middle Years 74-78

    These are the years of Kool & the Gang you may not know as well. They’re just as monumental in shaping Black dance music, hip hop and sampling history as the early or peak years.

    Between the release of funk anthems culminating in the gold-certified Wild and Peaceful album and the start of a chart-topping, mainstream run with the platinum-certified Ladies’ Night, the band created some of their most refined, eclectic and inventive self-produced music. Sometimes they innovated; often, they borrowed from their contemporaries or leaned heavily on referencing earlier work, and they began to struggle for traction. Some critics didn’t get it. Throughout, the band’s work remained expertly crafted, soulful, joyous and stanky, with a positive spiritual message, all without a lead singer.

    While not easily defined as a style period, the middle years are fully evidenced in the six albums represented here. The band’s sound is saturated with influences, presenting new variations on other styles already in the air, then resolving back to their core jazz and funk roots. Virtually all of the music is driven by Robert “Kool” Bell’s bass, Ronald Bell’s (Khalis Bayyan’s) arrangements, tenor sax and spacy synths, George Brown’s solid, often-sampled drumming, and those signature horns.

    Everybody’s Dancin’ (excerpt) | Everybody’s Dancin’ (1978)
    L-O-V-E | Open Sesame (1976)
    Mighty Mighty High | The Force (1977)
    Universal Sound | Love & Understanding (1976)
    Ride the Rhythm | Spirit of the Boogie (1975)
    I Like Music | Everybody’s Dancin’
    Ancestral Ceremony | Spirit of the Boogie
    Gift of Love | Open Sesame
    Just Be True | The Force
    All Night Long | Open Sesame
    Summer Madness | Light of Worlds (1974)
    Here After | Light of Worlds
    Free | The Force
    Sunshine | Open Sesame
    Peace to the Universe | Everybody’s Dancin’
    Love & Understanding (extended version) | Kool & the Gang Spin Their Top Hits (1978)
    Spirit of the Boogie | Spirit of the Boogie

    All albums released on De-Lite Records

    Kool & the Gang: Middle Years 74-78

    Compiled 2021-22
    Lightly mixed tempos and keys, retaining original long fades
    August 2025

    Ibrahim El Mahboob

  • Way Back When

    I began compiling the songs for this mixtape at the beginning of 2020, letting the playlist shift and grow over three tumultuous years. This is my “ultimate” mixtape; one that covers the formative decade of my childhood that began a half century ago (concentrating on the early 80s), and focuses on Black legends in the genres of R&B, jazz-funk, disco and boogie during the final period of analog recording. This is music that finds me most at home in my body, with familiar and positive lyrical themes. It’s a Black yacht rock movie dream.

    As with previous mixtapes, there is melodic and harmonic mixing as well as beat matching and a smooth tempo curve. I worked to create an occasionally seamless conversational flow from song to song, and was surprised that led me to include well-known anthems alongside my usual “rare groove” selections. The result is a more unified mood and less eclectic set. No effects have been used, and where possible, songs are segued naturally with little or no crossfading.

    PART I
    Barry White | Never, Never Gonna Give Ya Up (1973)
    DeBarge | I Like It (1982)
    Wally Badarou | Preachin’ (1980)
    Gene Dunlap Featuring The Ridgeways | It’s Just the Way I Feel (1981)
    George Duke | Corine (1979)
    Syreeta | I Don’t Know (1977)
    Gil Scott-Heron & Brian Jackson | Alien (Hold on to Your Dreams) (1980)
    Tania Maria | Come with Me (1983)
    Minnie Riperton | Adventures in Paradise (1975)
    Anita Baker | Do You Believe Me (1983)
    D Train | Children of the World (1983)
    Jeffrey Osborne | Ain’t Nothing’ Missin’ (1982)
    Herbie Hancock | Magic Number (featuring Sylvester) (1981)

    PART II
    The Jones Girls | Nights over Egypt (1981)
    Odyssey | Love’s Alright (1982)
    Billy Ocean | Everlasting Love (1981)
    Patrice Rushen | Get Off (You Fascinate Me) (1984)
    Brenda Russell | Way Back When (1979)
    Chaka Khan | I’m Every Woman (1978)
    Aretha Franklin | Jump to It (1982)
    Luther Vandross | I Wanted Your Love (1983)
    Bernard Wright | Move Your Body (1983)
    Dazzle | All (1979)
    Maze Featuring Frankie Beverly | Love Is the Key (1983)
    The Emotions | Here You Come Again (1981)
    Sylvia St. James | So I Say to You (1980)

    Ibrahim El Mahboob
    January 2023

  • 90/30: Eccentricities

    Eccentricities is a six-song, self-released cassette EP which emerged in the fall of 1990. I recall having 100 copies made and being satisfied with that level of dispersion; it was all I could afford in any case. In honour of the 30th anniversary, I present two of the songs here (with a third linked below).

    My recordings during this period were all effectively demos. Made with no budget, engineers, producers, retakes, final mixdowns, editing, mastering, label releases or promotion. They were an in the moment document, like the solo piano recordings I turned to focus on in later decades, created with a minimum of tools and preparation and on the raw side. There are many songs and pieces I’ve returned to for revision or reimagining, but the version 1.0s are always done quickly, very rarely seeing a live performance.

    Track 1, side B. In its awkward, often corny way, “The Gardener” was about envisioning a sustainable, equitable and peaceful future. Musically, it looked back on the two decades which preceded it terms of tempo, rhythm and melodic style; and even further back in the century with the use of stacked-fifth chords as the main harmonic fabric. All the keyboard parts were performed live. The presence of the TR-808 marked the first time I incorporated a preprogrammed element into my music. I often wish I had seen fit to capture it on its own as a stem as it was so fun to make, and like the song itself, it expressed a unique side of my musical thought at a particular time.

    Written and recorded July 1990
    half-inch 8-track, unmastered mixdown to DAT
    Roland S-50, Roland TR-808, Yahama DX-27, Fender bass, voice

    Track 3, side B. “One Foot Firmly Planted” is the closing song of the EP, and like “The Gardener” which opens the side, it employs chords of stacked fifths in the organ as the harmonic material, sometimes doubled here by the voices. The intro is clearly modelled upon Steve Reich’s “Tehillim.” It’s a piece which did not “emerge from the ground” as I boast in the liner notes but neverthless formed spontaneously, layer by layer from a bare bones beat of conga, clapping and floor tom; coloured with organ and hailed by some strange, quasi-philosophical, quasi-choral voices. In an unconscious nod to the period of study of electroacoustic composition which I had just concluded, I randomly spliced and recombined the last few seconds of the multitrack tape, where the song disintegrates.

    Written and recorded July 1990
    half-inch 8-track, unmastered mixdown to DAT
    percussion, Korg CX-3, voice

    (Also from Eccentricities, Track 3, side A, “Quarter-Tone Study.”)

    Music and composer’s notes copyright Bruce A. Russell 2020

  • Twenty Tens

    As a farewell to the decade when music collections and manual selection became niche, here’s an old-fashioned segue mix.

    Ìfé | Bangah (Pico y Palo)

    Georgia Anne Muldrow | Overload

    Ibeyi | River

    D’Angelo and The Vanguard | Really Love

    King | Red Eye

    Thundercat | Them Changes

    Erykah Badu | Gone Baby, Don’t Be Long

    Childish Gambino | Boogieman

    The Internet | Wanna Be

    Esperanza Spalding | Touch in Mine

    Snarky Puppy with Lalah Hathaway | Something

    Solange | Junie

    Shafiq Husayn feat. Jimetta Rose & Fatima | May I Assume

    Flying Lotus feat. Kendrick Lamar | Never Catch Me

    Brandon Coleman feat. Patrice Quinn & Techdizzle | Giant Feelings

    Anderson .Paak | King James

    Kamasi Washington | Show Us the Way

    Kaytranada feat. Little Dragon | Bullets

    Laura Mvula | Phenomenal Woman

    Moses Sumney | Self-Help Tape

    Ibrahim El Mahboob

    December 2019

  • Otherwhere

    British responses to Black diasporic music, and other sounds from formative walks in SSM and Toronto, via a recollection of refrains, harmonic worlds visited and the journeys between

    Omar | You’ve Got to Move
    Working Week | Inner City Blues
    The Brand New Heavies | Dream On Dreamer
    Colourbox | Philip Glass
    Young Disciples | Get Yourself Together
    Massive Attack | Daydreaming
    Level 42 | Coup d’etat
    Soul II Soul | Fairplay
    Mica Paris | Contribution ft. Rakim
    Ronny Jordan | See the New ft. IG Culture
    Jamiroquai | Blow Your Mind
    Matt Bianco | Half a Minute
    Prefab Sprout | Enchanted
    Sade | Hang on to Your Love
    Incognito | Don’t You Worry ‘Bout a Thing
    Caron Wheeler | Kama Yo
    Swing Out Sister | Twilight World
    Loose Ends | Hangin’ on a String (Contemplating)

    Otherwhere: UK 84-94

    Ibrahim El Mahboob
    March 2018

  • Best of 2016

    Childish Gambino “Awaken, My Love!” (Glassnote)

    Vicky Chow A O R T A (New Amsterdam)

    King We Are King (King Creative)

    Laura Mvula The Dreaming Room (Sony · RCA)

    Holly Roadfeldt The Preludes Project (Ravello)

    Solange A Seat at the Table (Saint · Columbia)

    Esperanza Spalding Emily’s D+Evolution (Concord)

    reissues · remasters · restorations · box sets

    Wally Badarou Back to Scales To-Night (Barclay · Expansion)

    The Emotions Blessed: The Emotions Anthology 1969-1985 (BBR)

    Philip Glass The Complete Sony Recordings (Sony)

    Bernard Herrmann Twisted Nerve (Stylotone)

    John Williams Jurassic Park · The Lost World: Jurassic Park (La-La Land)

    Various Artists Doing It in Lagos: Boogie, Pop & Disco in 1980s Nigeria (Soundway)

    Various Artists Star Trek: 50th Anniversary Collection (La-La Land)

  • Boogie Dedication

    The Salsoul Orchestra ft. Loleatta Holloway | Seconds

    Linda Williams | City Living

    Stephanie Mills | You Can’t Run from My Love

    Esther Williams | I’ll Be Your Pleasure

    Odyssey | Inside Out

    Pleasure | Nothin’ to It

    Unlimited Touch | I Hear Music in the Streets

    Kool & the Gang | Steppin’ Out

    Prince | I Wanna Be Your Lover

    Eighties Ladies | I Knew That Love

    Logg | Dancing into the Stars

    Change ft. Luther Vandross | The Glow of Love

    Stevie Wonder | As if You Read My Mind

    B O O G I E D E D I C A T I O N

    79-82

    To Nehal and Masimba

    beatmixing and harmonic mixing has been employed
    without altering the tempo or pitch of the original tracks

    I B R Λ H I M ΞL M Λ H B O O B
    July 2015

  • All These Things

    Taiguara ft. Hermeto Pascoal & Wagner Tiso “Samba das Cinco”
    F major, final chord: D-flat major

    Bebel Gilberto “Samba da Benção” (backing track: Amon Tobin “Nova”)
    D-flat major

    Esperanza Spalding “Ponte de Areia”
    D-flat major

    Aline Morales “Como Pólen”
    F-sharp minor

    Airto Moreira “The Happy People”
    F major, transition on G minor

    Banda Black Rio “Mr. Funky Samba”
    G minor

    Djavan “Nereci” ft. Marianzinha
    A minor, transition on E open fifth

    Carlos Dafé “De Alegria Raiou O Dia”
    E minor

    Antonio Adolfo & A Brazuca “Transamazônica” (excerpt)
    E minor, transition on G minor/C

    Gilberto Gil “Maracatu Atomico”
    G minor

    Robson Jorge & Lincoln Olivetti “Aleluia”
    G major in key of C, transition on F minor riff

    Flora Purim “From the Lonely Afternoon”
    F minor

    Tim Maia “O Caminho Do Bem”
    D minor

    Paulinho da Costa “Déjà vu” ft. Philip Bailey
    D minor, D-sharp minor

    Sergio Mendes & The New Brasil ’77 “The Real Thing”
    D-sharp minor

    Burnier & Cartier “Mirandolina”
    F minor, A-flat major

    Jazzanova “Gafiera” ft. Pedro Martins & Azymuth
    F minor

    Elis Regina “Tereza Sabe Sambar”
    B minor

    Arthur Verocai “Na Boca Do Sol”
    B minor

    Toninho Horta w/Orquestra Fantasma “Aquelas Coisas Todas (Sanguessuga)”
    B minor, E major/minor

    A L L T H E S E T H I N G S

    At the invitation of São Paulo-based DJ Petri Glad on the occasion of World Cup 2014, here are a few well-loved songs composed and/or performed by Brazilians (and one Brazilian Canadian).

    Also on request, I’ve provided simplified key information for each song to better illustrate where harmonic mixing (key matching or transitioning) has sometimes been employed.

    I B R Λ H I M ΞL M Λ H B O O B
    July 2014

  • Spring Affair

    Peter Brown | Without Love
    Deniece Williams | How’d I Know That Love Would Slip Away
    Táta Vega | Mr. Troublemaker
    Greg Phillinganes | Lazy Nina
    Ronnie Laws | All for You
    Patrice Rushen | Music of the Earth
    Michael Wycoff | Looking Up to You
    Herbie Hancock | Stars in Your Eyes (Special Disco Remix)
    Pleasure | I’m Mad
    Donald Byrd | Love Has Come Around
    Evelyn “Champagne” King | What Are You Waiting For
    Loleatta Holloway | Love Sensation
    Logg | Something Else
    Donna Summer | Spring Affair
    Gene Harris | Losalamitoslatinfunklovesong

    Spring Affair

    1974-1985

    Analog keys, horns, vibes, strings, human drummers and sangin’

    Classics with a tempo flow and a little harmonic mixing (no pitch shifting)

    Dedicated to Nehal El-Hadi (aka Nina), writer, poet,
    researcher, editor, producer, mother

    Thank you also to Nehal for the title graphic on the cover photo

    I B R Λ H I M ΞL M Λ H B O O B
    April 2014

  • Best of 2013

    Eve Egoyan – 5

    Philip Glass – Visitors

    Kuniko Kato – Cantus

    R. Andrew Lee – November

    Laura Mvula – Sing to the Moon

    Omar – The Man

    Quadron – Avalanche

    Thundercat – Apocalypse

    Hans Zimmer – Man of Steel

    Best archive/reissue:

    Sly and the Family Stone – Higher!